Hepatic metabolism of diallyl disulphide in rat and man.

1. The metabolism of diallyl disulphide was investigated in vitro with rat and human liver cell subfractions and ex vivo with an isolated perfused rat liver. 2. Diallyl disulphide was oxidized to diallylthiosulphinate by rat liver microsomes with an apparent K(m) = 0.86 +/- 0.1 mM and an apparent V(max) = 0.47 +/- 0.12 nmol min(-1) mg(-1) protein (mean +/- SE). Both cytochrome P450 (CYP) and flavin-containing monooxygenases were involved, with CYP2B1/2 and CYP2E1 being the most active CYP enzymes. 3. In rat and man, microsomal oxidation of allylmethyl sulphide to allylmethyl sulphoxide and allylmethyl sulphone also occurred, although at a low rate. Diallyl disulphide was also metabolized to allylglutathione sulphide and allylmercaptan. In addition, diallylthiosulphinate reacted non-enzymatically with glutathione to form allylglutathione sulphide. 4. When an isolated rat liver was perfused with diallyl disulphide, the metabolites allyl mercaptan, allylmethyl sulphide, allylmethyl sulphoxide, allylmethyl sulphone and allylglutathione sulphide were detected primarily within the liver tissue, with only small amounts of metabolites found in the bile and perfusion medium. The pharmacokinetic parameters for diallyl disulphide were t(1/2) = 6.09 min; AUC(0- infinity ) = 4.77 min mmol l(-1); clearance = 34.22 ml min(-1). 5. A scheme for the metabolism of diallyl disulphide in rat and man is proposed.